Diabetes (Type1 and Type2 are chronic diseases):
1. A syndrome of disordered metabolism
2. Excessive glucose (=blood sugar) in the bloodstream
A hormone called insulin (carrier):
1. Acts like a key that opens cells (muscle and fat cells)
2. Transports glucose from bloodstream into the body’s muscle tissues for energy
Beta cells (in areas called the Islets of Langerhans) (in the pancreas):
1. Detect the amount of glucose (balance glucose to its normal levels)
2. Produce enough insulin to move glucose out of your bloodstream and into your cells
Diabetes develops due to a diminished production of insulin or resistance to its effects.
Type1: It occurs when your body begins to destroy the Beta cells so they can no longer produce insulin (it leads to a deficiency of insulin). This is an autoimmune disease and its treatment is the delivery of artificial insulin via injection.
Type2: The body has plenty of insulin, but it has become insulin-resistant. In this type, blood sugar still rises and your muscle cells starve, though the Beta cells function well. This type is usually first treated by increasing physical activity, decreasing carbohydrate intake, and losing weight.
More glucose enters the bloodstream-->more insulin releases->usually stored in fat cells--> excessive insulin production will cause-->body to become insulin resistance (T2 diabetes) and increasing the risk of obesity.
related vocabulary: urine; insulin secretion; the injection by syringe; adequately controlled
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